Understanding Ductal Carcinoma: The Most Common Type of Breast Cancer

What is ductal carcinoma? Discover the most common type of breast cancer and understand its significance. Learn more about the nature and implications of this prevalent disease.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts. It is the most common form of breast cancer, comprising about 80% of all cases. DCIS is categorized as stage 0 cancer, meaning it has not spread outside the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. While non-invasive, if left untreated, DCIS can become invasive and spread to other parts of the body.

Types of Ductal Carcinoma

Ductal carcinoma can be broadly categorized into two main types: invasive and non-invasive. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form, where cancer cells have spread beyond the ducts into the surrounding breast tissue. This type makes up about 70-80% of all breast cancer diagnoses.

Non-invasive ductal carcinoma, also known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), remains within the milk ducts and does not invade surrounding tissues. Though not life-threatening, it requires monitoring and treatment to prevent progression.

• Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)
• Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Early detection of ductal carcinoma is crucial for effective treatment and a better prognosis. Symptoms may not always be apparent in the early stages, especially for DCIS. However, as the disease progresses, some common signs may include a lump in the breast, changes in breast shape, or discharge from the nipple.

Diagnosis typically involves mammograms, which can detect early signs of ductal carcinoma even before symptoms develop. Additional diagnostic tools include ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy to confirm the presence and type of cancer.

• Lump or mass in the breast
• Nipple discharge or inversion
• Breast pain or changes in appearance

Treatment Options

Treatment for ductal carcinoma varies depending on whether it is invasive or non-invasive and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. For DCIS, treatment often involves breast-conserving surgery such as a lumpectomy, followed by radiation to reduce the risk of recurrence.

In cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, a more extensive approach may be required, potentially including a mastectomy and systemic treatments like chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Hormone receptor-positive cancers may also respond well to hormone therapy, reducing the risk of cancer returning.

Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential to determine the best course of action, tailored to the individual’s specific condition and preferences.

Sources:
1. American Cancer Society
2. National Cancer Institute